Structure and characteristics of machining centers

The machining center is mainly suitable for: processing of precision and complex parts; processing of parts that are put into production periodically; processing of parts with multiple stations and multiple processes; processing of parts with appropriate batches, etc.

Features of machining center:

1. It can automatically change the machine tool spindle speed, feed amount and the movement trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece.

2. Some machining centers have double worktables. While the workpiece on one worktable is being processed, the other workpiece can be loaded and unloaded on the workbench in the loading and unloading position, and then the processing (loading and unloading) positions are exchanged, thereby saving the total processing time. .

3. It can significantly reduce the workpiece clamping, measurement and machine tool adjustment time, reduce the workpiece turnover, transportation and storage time, and greatly improve productivity.

4. It is most economical to process parts with complex shapes, high precision requirements, and frequent changes in varieties.

Machining center structure

There are various types of machining centers. Although the shapes and structures are different, they generally consist of the following major parts.

⑴ Basic components: It is composed of large parts such as bed, column and workbench, which are the basic components in the machining center structure. These large parts include cast iron parts and welded steel structural parts. They have to withstand the static load of the machining center and the cutting load during processing. Therefore, they must have the highest static and dynamic stiffness, and they are also the ones with the largest mass and volume among the machining centers. part.

⑵ Spindle components: It consists of spindle box, main sleeve motor, spindle and spindle bearings and other parts. The spindle's start, stop and other actions and rotation speed are controlled by the CNC system, and cutting is performed by the tool mounted on the spindle. The spindle component is the power output component of cutting processing and a key component of the machining center. The quality of its structure has a great impact on the performance of the machining center.

⑶ CNC system: It is composed of CNC device, programmable controller, servo eye drive device and electric motor. It is the center where the machining center performs sequence control actions and controls the machining process.

⑷ Automatic tool changer (ATC): The significant difference between a machining center and general CNC machine tools is that it has the ability to process parts in multiple processes and has an automatic tool changer.