How to improve the cutting and grooving efficiency of CNC lathes during processing?

When machining parts, CNC lathe is the most indispensable process for cutting workpieces, and grooving on workpieces is also the most common. The efficiency of cutting and grooving is inseparable from the rigidity of the machine tool. The rigidity of the spindle and turret of the CNC lathe is the main reason affecting the vibration of the workpiece. And the cutting method in cutting and grooving is also the most critical.

Let us discuss how to improve the efficiency of cutting and grooving workpieces from the cutting method.

1. CNC lathe grooving

1) Common methods for turning grooves. Common methods for grooving the surface of workpieces include outer grooves, inner grooves and end grooves.

2) Selection of grooving tools. High-speed steel grooving tools are generally used for grooving.

3) Methods for turning grooves. For rectangular grooves with low turning accuracy and narrow width, a turning tool with a width equal to the groove width can be used, and the straight-in method can be used to turn them out in one go.

Rectangular grooves with high turning accuracy usually need to be turned twice. When turning wide grooves, you can use the straight-in method to cut multiple times, leaving a certain margin on both sides of the groove for fine turning, and then fine turning to size according to the depth and width of the groove. For turning smaller arc grooves, it is generally turned with a forming turning tool; turning larger arc grooves can be completed with both hands, and the trimming can be checked with a template. Turning small trapezoidal grooves is usually completed with a forming turning tool; turning large trapezoidal grooves usually involves turning straight grooves first, and then using a trapezoidal tool to move forward in a straight line or cut left and right.

4) Inspection and measurement of rectangular grooves. Low-precision grooves are generally measured with a steel ruler and caliper. For grooves with high precision requirements, micrometers, templates, plug gauges, and vernier calipers can be used to check and measure.

2. Cutting with a CNC lathe. A cutting knife is used for cutting. The shape of a cutting knife is similar to that of a slotting knife, but because the cutting head is narrow, it is easy to break. Cutting knives include high-speed steel cutters, carbide cutters, elastic cutters, reverse cutters, and other types.

There are several cutting methods for CNC lathes:

1) Straight forward method. The cutting tool feeds and cuts in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece. This method is highly efficient, but has high requirements for the grinding and clamping of the lathe and the cutting tool, otherwise it is easy to cause the cutter head to break.

2) Borrowing tool from left to right. When the rigidity of the tool, workpiece and lathe is insufficient, the borrowing tool method can be used to cut the workpiece. This method refers to the cutting tool repeatedly moving back and forth in the axial direction, and then feeding radially on both sides until the workpiece is cut off.

3) Reverse cutting method. The back cutting method refers to the reverse direction of the workpiece and the reverse clamping of the turning tool. This cutting method is suitable for cutting large diameter workpieces. Its advantages are: because the cutting force acting on the workpiece is consistent with the gravity direction of the spindle (downward), the spindle is not easy to jump up and down, the workpiece is cut smoothly, and the chips are discharged downward without getting stuck in the cutting groove.