How to use tools in CNC gantry machining?

The selection of tools is carried out under the human-machine interaction state of CNC programming. The tools and tool holders should be correctly selected according to the processing capacity of the machine tool, the performance of the tool material, the cutting amount of the processing process and other related factors. The general principle of tool selection is: easy installation and adjustment, good rigidity, high durability and precision. Under the premise of meeting the processing requirements, try to choose a shorter tool holder to improve the rigidity of tool processing. The specific selection methods are as follows:

1. When selecting tools, the size of the tool should be adapted to the surface size of the workpiece being processed. In production, end mills are often used to process the edge contours of flat parts: when milling planes, carbide blade milling cutters should be selected; when processing bosses and grooves, high-speed steel milling cutters should be selected; when processing blank surfaces or rough processing holes, rice milling cutters with carbide blades can be selected; when adding some three-dimensional and variable angle contours, ball head milling cutters, annular milling cutters, conical milling cutters and disc milling cutters are often used.

2. When processing free-form/(mold/), in order to ensure the processing accuracy, the cutting line spacing generally adopts the top close spacing, and the cutting speed of the end of the ball head tool is zero, so it is often used for surface finishing. Flat head tools are superior to ball head tools in terms of surface quality and cutting efficiency. Therefore, as long as it is guaranteed not to overcut, flat head tools should be preferred for both surface roughing and surface finishing. In addition, the durability and accuracy of the tool are closely related to the tool price. In most cases, although the selection of good tools increases the tool cost, the improvement of processing quality and processing efficiency brought about by this can greatly reduce the overall processing cost.

3. In the machining center, various tools are installed on the tool magazine respectively, and the tool selection and installation actions are carried out at any time according to the program regulations. Therefore, standard tool holders must be used so that standard tools used for drilling, hammering, expanding, milling and other processes can be quickly and accurately installed on the machine tool shaft or tool magazine. Programmers should understand the structural dimensions, adjustment methods and adjustment range of the tool holders used on the machine tool so as to determine the radial and axial dimensions of the tool when programming. Recently, my country's machining center adopts TSG tool system, and its tool holder has two types: straight handle/(3 specifications/) and slit handle/(4 specifications/), including 16 tool holders of different uses.

4. In the processing of economical CNC machine tools, since the sharpening, measurement and replacement of tools are mostly done manually, which takes a long time, the arrangement order of tools must be arranged reasonably. Generally, the following principles should be followed:

① Minimize the number of tools:

② After a tool is clamped, it should complete all the processing steps it can perform;

③ The tools for rough and fine processing should be used separately, even if they are tools of the same size and specifications;

④ Milling first and then drilling:

⑤ Perform surface finishing first, then two-dimensional contour finishing:

⑥ Where possible, the automatic tool change function of the CNC machine tool should be used as much as possible to improve production efficiency, etc.