Components of lathe machine

The lathe machine consists of the following parts:

1. Spindle box: Also known as the head box, its main task is to pass the rotary motion from the main motor through a series of speed change mechanisms so that the spindle can obtain the required different speeds of forward and reverse rotations, and at the same time the spindle box is separated. Part of the power transmits the motion to the feed box. The spindle in the headstock is a key part of the lathe. The smoothness of the spindle running on the bearing directly affects the processing quality of the workpiece. Once the rotation accuracy of the spindle is reduced, the use value of the machine tool will be reduced.

2. Feed box: Also known as the tool box, the feed box is equipped with a speed change mechanism for feeding motion. Adjust the speed change mechanism to obtain the required feed amount or pitch, and transmit the motion to the knife through a smooth screw or lead screw. rack for cutting.

3. Lead screw and smooth screw: It is used to connect the feeding box and the sliding box, and transmit the motion and power of the feeding box to the sliding box, so that the sliding box can obtain longitudinal linear motion. The lead screw is specially used for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of the workpiece, only the smooth screw is used instead of the lead screw. The students should distinguish the difference between the smooth screw and the lead screw according to the content of the sliding box.

4. Slide box: It is the control box for the feeding movement of the lathe. It is equipped with a mechanism that converts the rotary motion of the light bar and the lead screw into the linear motion of the tool holder. The longitudinal feed motion and transverse feed motion of the tool holder are realized through the light bar transmission. And rapid movement, through the screw to drive the tool holder to make longitudinal linear motion, so as to turn the thread.

5. Tool post: It consists of two layers of slides (medium and small slides), saddle and tool rest. It is used to install the turning tool and drive the turning tool to move longitudinally, laterally or obliquely.

6. Tailstock: It is installed on the bed rail and moves longitudinally along this rail to adjust its working position. The tailstock is mainly used to install the rear center to support long workpieces, and can also install drills, reamers, etc. for hole processing.

7. Bed: It is a large basic part of the lathe with guide rails (mountain guides and flat guides) with high precision requirements. It is used to support and connect the various parts of the lathe, and to ensure that each part has an accurate relative position during work.

8. Cooling device: The cooling device pressurizes the cutting fluid in the water tank and sprays it to the cutting area through the cooling water pump to reduce the cutting temperature, wash away the chips, and lubricate the machined surface, so as to improve the service life of the tool and the surface machining quality of the workpiece.